๐Ÿ“˜ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ ๋…ธํŠธ

1. ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ (Parts of Speech)

ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ์„ค๋ช…
๋ช…์‚ฌ (Noun)์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์†Œ, ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„. ex) book, Korea
๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ (Pronoun)๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•จ. ex) he, it, those
๋™์‚ฌ (Verb)๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‘œํ˜„. be๋™์‚ฌ/์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ํฌํ•จ
ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ (Adjective)๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•จ. ex) good, tall
๋ถ€์‚ฌ (Adverb)๋™์‚ฌ/ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ/๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹. ex) very, quickly
์ „์น˜์‚ฌ (Preposition)๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ. ex) in, on, at
์ ‘์†์‚ฌ (Conjunction)๋ฌธ์žฅ/๊ตฌ/์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ. ex) and, but, because
๊ฐํƒ„์‚ฌ (Interjection)๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„. ex) Wow!, Oh no!

2. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ˜•

โœ… 5ํ˜•์‹

  1. S + V
  2. S + V + O
  3. S + V + C
  4. S + V + IO + DO
  5. S + V + O + C

โœ… ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํ˜•ํƒœ

  • ๋‹จ๋ฌธ / ๋ณต๋ฌธ / ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ / ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌธ
  • ํ‰์„œ๋ฌธ / ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ / ๋ช…๋ น๋ฌธ / ๊ฐํƒ„๋ฌธ

3. ์‹œ์ œ (Tense)

์‹œ์ œ์˜ˆ์‹œ
ํ˜„์žฌI eat.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐI ate.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜I will eat.
ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰I am eating.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰I was eating.
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒI have eaten.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒI had eaten.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒI will have eaten.

โ†’ ์ด 12์‹œ์ œ: ๋‹จ์ˆœ, ์ง„ํ–‰, ์™„๋ฃŒ, ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ ร— ํ˜„์žฌ/๊ณผ๊ฑฐ/๋ฏธ๋ž˜


4. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ (Modal Verbs)

์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ
can / could๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑShe can swim.
may / mightํ—ˆ๋ฝ, ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑYou may leave.
must์˜๋ฌด, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธกYou must stop.
shall / should์ œ์•ˆ, ์กฐ์–ธYou should try.
will / would๋ฏธ๋ž˜, ๊ฐ€์ •I would help.
  • ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์›ํ˜•
  • ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ/๊ฐ€์ • ํ‘œํ˜„ ์‹œ ์กฐํ•ฉ ์‚ฌ์šฉ: should have p.p., would have p.p.

5. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ (Passive Voice)

  • be + p.p.
  • ๋Šฅ๋™: She wrote a book.
  • ์ˆ˜๋™: A book was written.
์‹œ์ œ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ํ˜•ํƒœ
ํ˜„์žฌis/are + p.p.
๊ณผ๊ฑฐwas/were + p.p.
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒhas/have been + p.p.
์ง„ํ–‰is/was being + p.p.
์กฐ๋™์‚ฌmust be + p.p.

6. ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• (Conditionals)

์ข…๋ฅ˜ํ˜•์‹์˜๋ฏธ
0ํ˜•If + ํ˜„์žฌ, ํ˜„์žฌ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค
1ํ˜•If + ํ˜„์žฌ, will + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ
2ํ˜•If + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, would + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€
3ํ˜•If + had p.p., would have p.p.๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€
ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜•If + had p.p., would + ๋™์‚ฌ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์›์ธ โ†’ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  • I wish / as if / were ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฃผ์˜

7. ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ (Relative Pronouns)

๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—ญํ• ์˜ˆ์‹œ
who์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฃผ์–ดThe man who came…
whom์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ชฉ์ ์–ดThe woman whom I saw…
which์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ฃผ/๋ชฉThe book which I read…
that์‚ฌ๋žŒ/์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ฃผ/๋ชฉThe car that he drives…
whose์‚ฌ๋žŒ/์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์†Œ์œ The girl whose bag…
  • ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ƒ๋žต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์‚ฌ: where, when, why

8. ๋น„๊ต (Comparison)

์›๊ธ‰: as ~ as

  • He is as tall as me.

๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰: ~er / more ~

  • She is taller than I am.
  • much/even/still + ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰

์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰: the ~est / the most ~

  • He is the best player.

๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณ€ํ™”

  • good โ†’ better โ†’ best
  • bad โ†’ worse โ†’ worst

9. ๋ถ€์ •ํ‘œํ˜„ (Negation)

  • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ: not, never, no, nothing, nobody
  • ์ด์ค‘๋ถ€์ • ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ: โŒ I don’t know nothing โ†’ โœ… I don’t know anything
  • ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œํ˜„:
    • not at all / not always / by no means / under no circumstances
    • ๋„์น˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ: Never have I seen…

10. ํŠน์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•

โ— ๋„์น˜

  • Never have I seen such a view.
  • Only after / Seldom / Hardly / Under no circumstances

โ— ๊ฐ•์กฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

  • It is/was ~ that…
  • What ~ is …

โ— ๋ณ‘์น˜

  • I like reading, writing, and drawing.

โ— ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

  • Walking down the street, I saw him.
  • Having finished the work, she left.

โ— to๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ vs ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ

  • want to do / enjoy doing
  • remember to do โ‰  remember doing

์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ

๋‹ต๊ธ€ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ

์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ˆ˜ ํ•„๋“œ๋Š” *๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค